Physical or chemical change

Today in science we did a experiment on zinc oxide  

 I think there will be possibly be sparks because of the reaction of heat to chemicals. It could turn yellow. 

1. Sample of zno - zinc oxide 
2. Heat source - heat plate
3. Scales
4. Heat proof container 
5. Tongs
6. Heat proof mat 

Get sample of zno in an evaporating dish 

Weigh the zno + container - record weigh 

Heat container + zno on hot plate

Observe any changes - use phone for before and after photos or video 

Take off heat and put on heat proof mat

Let cool - observe - photos

Reweigh 

Conclusion: 

it turned slightly yellow once put on heat plate and left there for a while, after a while the colour went back to white there for the change was physical. after we put the zno in the evaporating dish we the weighed it, which weighed 37 once we took it off the heat plate we weighed it again which hadn't changed and still weighs 37   

Pigs heart

Today in Science, Our class dissected a pigs heart.  The equipment we used was Scissors, Scalpel and Tweezers, My group only really used the Scalpel. We looked at the different parts of the heart and where they were. The parts we looked at was the Ventricle, Atrium, Valves, Left & Right side of heart, Arteries and Veins. First thing we had to do was cut open the hart on the left side and analyse it. You could feel how the valve was thicker on the left side then it was on the right, this is because the left side is the side pumping the oxygen around the body that is why  it feels like our heart is on the left or then the right. After we looked at the left side we opened the right. We opened the heart using a scalpel we had to be very careful because it was very sharp.   

We have been learning about the parts of the heart and how they function in the body and in general. 

We dissected a heart to see where the parts are in the heart, which part is which and, study how they work and help our body. 

The parts saw was the left + right side of the heart, Aorta, Heart strings, Valves, Atrium and Ventricles. 

I enjoyed dissecting a pigs heart because it was interesting to see what the parts actually look like and where the parts were. 

 

Hands

 How your hands work and what parts are there:

Altogether there are 27 bones in your hand.

There are 5 bones in your palm, 8 bones in your wrist and 14 bones for your fingers

A tendon is a type of stringy and connective tissue which attaches your muscle to the forearm bone allowing your phalanges ( bones in you fingers) to move up and down. They also attache muscles to the structure like the eyeball.   

The muscles in your hand are thumb Muscles, Palmar Muscles and Little Finger Muscles. The main muscle in your hand that moves your phalanges is called Flexor Digitorum Profundus. This muscle is in the forearm which flexes the fingers to move, contacting and relaxing the tendons. 

A short band of tough and flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Ligaments also help structure of movement for your fingers so they aren't jelly.  

 

Lemon batteries

 Lemon Batteries 

Aim: To produce an electrical current using lemons.

Equipment: 

• Copper electrode
• Zinc electrode
• Copper wire
• Lemon
• Voltmeter

Method:

1. Set up the equipment 
2. Connect the copper wires to the voltmeter 
3. Sticking the zinc electrode and copper electrode into the lemon 
4. Placing the copper wires to the electrode 
5. Record results 

Results:

The red copper wire is connected to the zinc electrode and the black copper wire is connected to the copper electrode producing 1 volt according to the voltmeter. 

Pigments

Today we are going to be experimenting with pigments 

AIM: 
To separate the different pigments from ink using chromatography

Equipment: 

1. 250 ml beaker  
2. 50 ml water
3. paper
4. coloured pen 

Method:

1- Draw a line across the filter paper in pencil, 5cm from the bottom.

2- Draw a coloured dot in the centre of the line.

3- Measure out 10 mL of water and place in the test tube.

4- Place the filter paper in the test tube and fold over the side. MAKE SURE THE PENCIL LINE IS NOT IN THE WATER.

5- Wait for 5 minutes and observe the results

results:

I decided to use red it reached out through the paper there was a little tint of orange but mainly red.

Second time I used black the pigments in black are black, orange, purple, pink and blue.

Conclusion:

Hurumanu the Water Cycle

AIM: TO LOOK AT THE WATER CYCLE AND HOW CLIMATE CHANGE IS AFFECTING IT.

Definition:

Scientific words:

• Evaporation. When water is heated by radiant energy it turns into water vapor.
• Transpiration. Evaporation from plants.
• Condensation. When water vapor cools, molecules join together and form clouds.
• Precipitation. When clouds get heavy the waters falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
• Acidification: the action or process of making or becoming acidic.

We will be conducting an experiment that looks at the different ways that climate change is affecting the water cycle.

precipitation is the scientific definition for rain, rain is included and takes a part in storms. hurricane and storms are similar in ways like they both lead back to the ocean , hurricanes make flooding, flooding can come from the oceans, evaporation is because of sun and sun can evaporate water, evaporation can evaporate the salt from salty water to make fresh water, fresh water is clean and so is water vapour, back to evaporation, when water is evaporated it leaves condensation behind, when you breathe out your breathing out carbon dioxide and it sometimes creates moisture wich makes condensation
                  

Draw a labelled diagram of the Water Cycle

SOLO Hexagons Activity

Water cycle words:

1. Precipitation: Is a scientific word for rain cause the water from the sea is taken up to the clouds and once the clouds get too full it rains
2. Hurricanes: They happen in warm water and travails till it dies out 
3. Storms: storms are a threat to our earth but if there was no storms then our nations wouldn't come together and help each other
4. Evaporation: Evaporation is when the sun  comes out and the water gets hot and starts to evaporation.
5. Carbon Dioxide: carbon dioxide is what we breath out 
6. Water: : water pervides us with the things we need to survive our earth thrives on water  
7. Oceans: Our oceans is our water and without it we would die
8. Water vapour: Water vapour is a gas form. 
9. Freshwater: it is water that we can fine just not in sea or brackish 
10. Flooding: It is a part of climate change because when the ice melts the water rises 

TODAY YOU WILL BE INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS THAT CLIMATE CHANGE HAS ON THE WATER CYCLE.

1. Using your SOLO hexagons poster write a paragraph about the different aspects of climate change.
2. Write about the following Climate Change concepts:

You can do these by powerpoint, embedding a movie , on your blog, on a doc or any other form of presentation. It is up to you.

ACIDIFICATION: HOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE CONTRIBUTE TO THE ACIDIFICATION OF OUR OCEANS?

Picture:

Science Hurumanu

Weather and Climate Change 

Extreme weather

Measuring weather.

Wind

Beaufort Wind Scale

Beaufort Force	Wind Speed (KPH)	Spins	Indicators	Terms Used in NWS Forecasts
0	0-2	0	Calm; smoke rises vertically.	Calm
1	2-5	10	Shown by direction of wind smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.	Light
2	6-12	40	Wind felt on face, leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.	Light
3	13-20	80	Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag.	Gentle
4	21-29	130	Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved.	Moderate
5	30-39	190	Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters.	Fresh
6	40-50	250	Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telephone wires; umbrellas used with difficulty.	Strong
7	51-61	320	Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt walking against the wind.	Strong
8	62-74	390	Breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress.	Gale
9	75-87	470	Slight structural damage.	Gale
10	88-101	550	Seldom experienced inland; trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs.	Whole gale
11	102-116	640	Very rarely experienced inland; accompanied by widespread damage.	Whole gale
12	117 or more	730+	Very rarely experienced; accompanied by widespread damage.	Hurricane

Wind speed - Making an anemometer.

MATERIALS

1. Straws (x4) 
2.   Pencil
3. Pin  
4.   Cups (x4)
5.   Tape 

STEPS

1.   getting into groups
2.   get materials
3.   Make the straws into a x shape
4.   Put a pin through the middle of the x shape 
5.   Connect the pin in the pencil and put tape on top of the pin in the middle.
6.   Put a hole in the cups
7.   Put the straws through the cups

Once you have made an anemometer we are going to record the wind speed.

Group size: 5

You will need:

Anemometer (above) 

Roles:

• Timekeeper
• Counter
• Recorder
• Anemometer Manager
• Wind generator

1. Mount the anemometer in a place that has full access to the wind from all directions.
2. When the time keeper says "Go", the counter in each group will count how many times the marked cup passes them in one minute and write it down.
3. If possible, repeat the above step four (4) times and record the average number of spins on the chart.

• Record how many times it spins using the table below.

You will need to create the wind yourself by blowing. Get 4 different wind speeds by blowing.

You will need to time them and count the number of spins.

	Time Interval	Number of Spins
1.	10s	1 1/3
2.	10s	1 1/2
3.	10s	4 1/4
4.	10s	4 1/4

• Can you make a statement connecting the number of spins of your anemometer and the speed of the wind? 
• 
  

CONCLUSION:

For the 2 first try they were slower then what they were when we done them outside I think it is because once we got them going by breathing in to the cups the wind carried them on. Once we did it outside it went around 4 and 1/4 in 10 seconds.I think if i was holding the anemometer and blowing in it at the same time it would have gone around a few more times inside. If i was holding it while outside it would have gone round more.

Solo Taxonomy

Structuralism
No organisation
unconnected ideas

unistrucctural
one idea
show connected thought

Multi strucctural

2 or 3 idea some contentedness

Relational
make links to other concept

Abstract

bringing your ideas into other concepts 

Fossil fuels

Hurumanu - Fossil Fuels.

 

Aim: To look at how fossil fuels are contributing to climate change and how we can prevent this.

Definition of Fossil Fuels:

solid material naturally from caves minded to make fuel 

gases from the earth surface

Scientific Terms for Students

• coal: a dark-brown to black solid substance formed naturally from the compaction and hardening of fossilized plants and used as a fuel primarily for electricity generation
• natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbon gases that occurs naturally beneath the earth’s surface and is used as a fuel primarily for cooking and heating homes
• renewable resource: a resource that is never used up (e.g., solar energy)
• non-renewable resource: a resource that is not replaceable after its use (e.g., coal, gas)

Examples of Fossil Fuels:

1. coal  
2.  gas 
3. oil

Activity: 

In groups of 3 you will learn about different fossil fuels and the way they are mined?
Each group will be given a fossil fuel. The recorder will read it to the group. The recorder will write down some of the important points.
Person 1: Recorder: to write down 5 points of interest from the text. 

1. 5 Points:
2. Positives and negatives of your type of mining.

Person 2: Reporter: to read back to the class their 5 points of interest.
Person 3: Collector: Gathers the required stationary from the teacher.

Mining Fossil Fuels

How are they mined?

1. scraping 

2. digging

3. Drilling

4. exposing 

Where are they mined?

1. Deep within the earth through under ground mining

2. You can find fossil fuels around the surface of the earths crust

Activity;

On the sheet provided you need to make two drawings of your cookie. 
1. looking down at it. 
2. side on -  of the imaginary habitat that will live on the top of the cookie. ( trees, buses, flax, sea, etc)

Material:

1.  cookie
2.  sheet of paper
3.   pencil
4.  plate
5. tooth pick

Steps:

1. get the materials  
2.  draw what the cookie looks like 
3.   draw the cookies habitat 
4.   answer the question
5.   mine the cookie
6. draw what it looks like after
7. draw what the habitat looks like after
8. eat the cookie

Once you have drawn your cookies you must take 2 pictures and upload them to your blog.

after

Findings: What did you find out as a result of your mining?
That the cookie was normal then turned different after picking out the chocolate chips. The cookie changed in taste as well once picking out the chocolate chips. The habitat was a beautiful place the go to until one day mining happened there are the habitat complete changed.

Conclusion: Today I learnt that more about the three departments of fossil fuels which are coal, oil and natural gases. I would like to learning more about the three departments mapping around the world. I liked today's lesson but especially liked mining a cookie and a habitat

Hurumanu - Climate Change

Aim: To look at the causes of climate change and how to prevent it.

Climate Change video; The Facts video

As you watch the video answer these questions:

What is our greatest threat in thousands of years?

too much pollution and the water level will rise. So climate change

How do we see climate change affecting the globe?  

1. I see climate change affecting the globe with the temperature witch melts the ice causing human extinction 
2. Cars affect our earth by letting out carbon monoxide
3. With climate change I believe the there will be a lot of pollution in our world  
4. Also with the temperature getting warmer our world might dry up and we could die    

What is needed to change history?

There is no way to change the past bet there is always a chance to change the present 

Is climate change a man made disaster?

 climate change is man made disaster cause of all the gas and fossil fuels has been caused by man kind an.

Dramatic action must be made in the next - years to change it?

actions must be mad in about 10 year and maybe then our planet and us might have a chance

Why is our climate changing?

 people are not looking after the environment which makes a lot of pollution 

What is causing the warming trend of the climate?

the carbon dioxide is trapping the heat from the sun like a blanket.

When the sun comes done it would bounce up but cause of the carbon dioxide it can't.

What is the main problem?

the main problem is the climate change cause the is causing the temperature heating up and the sea levels rising so if you think about it every thing links up to climate change 

What are examples of these?

it is to hot for some animals to survive 

Burning fossil fuels releases what gas?

 when fossil fuels are Burning it releases nitrogen and carbon.

How much hotter now is our world?

0.77C warmer than the 1951-80 average

What do we call this global warming?

we call it climate change

How is this affecting creatures / animals like bats?

this temperature is killing the animals like bats they just can't take it

What percentage of species are near extinction?

99.9%

How could this effect the world ecosystems?

Each organism has its own part and reason. when we introduce factors such as too much carbon dioxide or methane. It destroys the balance of the ecosystem which in turn affects those who live in it. The results is global warming

What global change was seen and recording breaking last year?

2018 was the 4th hottest year on record. it was  1.5 Fahrenheit more on average set between 1951 and 1980.

How is climate change affecting our weather systems?

1.wind 

2. waves

3. hydro

What is another effect of climate change?

extinction

What will happen if the ice melts in Antarctica and the Arctic?

There will be no more land

How does this affect people?

They get hot and grumpy and soon the might be dead

What other things affect oceans change?

pollution

What does too much heat do to the coral?

kills it

Why did some industries not want to stop burning fossil fuels?
maybe they didn't want to stop because they were greedy and they knew it was a way to get money.

sea levels rises by 20 cm

Investigation

You can decide on how you would like to do this investigation. Your presentation could be on the blog, slides, or power point.

Investigate the different Fossil Fuels listed?

1. Coal
2. Oil

Write a paragraph and upload an image about each of these renewable energies.

Solar


Solar is our sun that produces energy for us and gives us sunlight that goes into electricity. concentrated solar power systems use lenses and or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

Wind

Wind energy is a type of form of solar energy. Wind energy describes the process by which is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power, and a generator can convert mechanical into electricity.

Waves

Wave power is the capture of energy of wind waves to do useful work. for example:

electricity generation, water desalination, or pumping water. A machine that exploits wave power is a wave energy converter.

Hydro